This tutorial is designed to take you from an intermediate level in Python programming. We will cover intermediate techniques with real-world examples, code snippets, and datasets. Each section will include problem-solving exercises and solutions.
Table of Contents
- Intermediate Python
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Error Handling (Try-Except)
- Modules and Packages
- Working with Libraries (NumPy, Pandas)
- Data Visualization (Matplotlib, Seaborn)
2. Intermediate Python
2.1 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
OOP concepts include classes and objects.
# Class Example
class Dog:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def bark(self):
return f”{self.name} says woof!”
my_dog = Dog(“Buddy”, 3)
print(my_dog.bark())
2.2 Error Handling
Use try-except blocks to handle errors.
# Error Handling Example
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print(“Cannot divide by zero!”)
2.3 Modules and Packages
Python modules are reusable code files.
# Importing a module
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
2.4 Working with Libraries
- NumPy: For numerical computations.
- Pandas: For data manipulation.
# NumPy Example
import numpy as np
array = np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(array * 2)
# Pandas Example
import pandas as pd
data = {“Name”: [“Alice”, “Bob”], “Age”: [25, 30]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)
2.5 Data Visualization
- Matplotlib: For plotting graphs.
- Seaborn: For statistical visualizations.
# Matplotlib Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [10, 20, 25, 30]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel(“X-axis”)
plt.ylabel(“Y-axis”)
plt.title(“Simple Plot”)
plt.show()
# Seaborn Example
import seaborn as sns
tips = sns.load_dataset(“tips”)
sns.scatterplot(x=”total_bill”, y=”tip”, data=tips)
plt.show()
Datasets
References
This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to Python programming. Practice the examples and explore the datasets to solidify your understanding. Happy coding! 🚀